#
# Bar chart
#

# Load data
winners <- read.csv("data/hot-dog-contest-winners.csv")
head(winners)

# Default bar chart
barplot(winners$hotdogs)

# Year labels
barplot(winners$hotdogs, names.arg=winners$year)

# Axis labels
barplot(winners$hotdogs, 
        names.arg=winners$year,
        border=NA,
        space=.1,
        xlab="Year", 
        ylab="Hot dogs and buns (HDB) eaten",
        main="Contest Winners")




#
# Line chart
#

# Graphical parameter to make axis labels horizontal
par(las=1)

# Line chart with plot()
plot(winners$year, winners$hotdogs, 
     type="l",
     xlab="",
     ylab="Hot dogs and buns (HDB) eaten",
     main="Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest, Winning Results, 1980-2023")

par(mfrow=c(3,2), las=1)
for (currtype in c("p", "l", "b", "c", "o", "n")) {
    plot(winners$year, winners$hotdogs, type=currtype,
         xlab="", ylab="",
         main=paste0("type='", currtype, "'"))
}

# Text
text(2001, 50, 
     "In 2001, Takeru Kobayashi nearly doubled the previous record with 50 HDBs.",
     pos=2)

# Text with line breaks
text(2001, 48, 
     "In 2001, Takeru Kobayashi 
     nearly doubled the previous 
     record with 50 HDBs.",
     pos=2)

# Find documentation
?text

# Wrapped text
anno <- "In 2001, Takeru Kobayashi nearly doubled the previous record with 50 HDBs."
text(2001, 48, 
     paste(strwrap(anno, 30), collapse="\n"),
     pos=2)


#
# Dot plot
#

par(las=1)
plot(winners$year, winners$hotdogs, 
     type="p",
     bty="n",
     xlab="",
     ylab="Hot dogs and buns (HDB) eaten",
     main="Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest, Winning Results, 1980-2023")




#
# Step chart
#

# Load data
postage <- read.csv("data/us-postage.csv")

# Summary
head(postage)
summary(postage)

# Plot as regular time series
par(las=1)
plot(postage$Year, postage$Price, type="l",
     xlab="Year", ylab="Postage Rate (Dollars)",
     main="US Postage Rates for Letters, First Ounce, 1863-2023")

# Default step chart
plot(postage$Year, postage$Price, type="s")

# Add labels
par(las=1)
plot(postage$Year, postage$Price, type="s", 
     xlab="Year", ylab="Postage Rate (Dollars)",
     main="US Postage Rates for Letters, First Ounce, 1863-2023")

# Change limits ("zoom")
postagesub <- postage[postage$Year >= 1991,]
head(postagesub)

par(las=1)
plot(postagesub$Year, postagesub$Price, type="s",
     xlab="Year", ylab="Postage Rate (Dollars)",
     main="US Postage Rates for Letters, First Ounce, 1991-2023")




#
# Smoothing
#

# Load data.
# install.packages("babynames")
library(babynames)
nathan <- babynames[babynames$name == "Nathan" & babynames$sex == "M", ]
beatrice <- babynames[babynames$name == "Beatrice" & babynames$sex == "F",]

# Line chart, no smoothing
par(las=1, mar=c(4,5,3,2))
plot(nathan$year, nathan$prop, 
     type="l", 
     xlab="", ylab="Proportion")
lines(beatrice$year, beatrice$prop, 
      lwd=2)

# Splines
natcoords <- spline(nathan$year, nathan$prop)
beacoords <- spline(beatrice$year, beatrice$prop)
par(las=1, mar=c(4,5,3,2))
plot(natcoords,
     col="#ac5c5a",
     type="l",
     xlab="", ylab="Proportion")
lines(beacoords, lwd=2, col="#176572")

natcoords <- spline(nathan$year, nathan$prop, n=20)
beacoords <- spline(beatrice$year, beatrice$prop, n=20)
par(las=1, mar=c(4,5,3,2))
plot(natcoords,
     col="#ac5c5a",
     type="l",
     xlab="", ylab="Proportion")
lines(beacoords, lwd=2, col="#176572")